Introduction Artificial intelligence is increasingly involved in the creation, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of digital evidence. AI-generated evidence refers to material that has been wholly or partially created, modified, enhanced, or interpreted by artificial intelligence systems. Such evidence presents significant opportunities for investigators while simultaneously creating substantial legal and forensic challenges. Courts worldwide are beginning […]

Introduction Modern smartphones contain large amounts of personal, financial and business information. Consequently, they are attractive targets for cybercriminals, malicious applications, remote access malware and account compromise. While genuine smartphone hacking is less common than many people believe, compromised accounts, malicious applications and social engineering attacks occur regularly. From a digital forensic perspective, determining whether […]

Digital evidence now plays a critical role in many legal disputes. From emails and documents to internet activity and deleted files, electronic data can provide valuable evidence in civil, criminal, family, and commercial proceedings. As a result, solicitors increasingly rely on computer forensic experts to identify, preserve, analyse, and present digital evidence in a legally […]

Introduction One of the most common questions encountered in digital forensic investigations is whether deleted WhatsApp messages can be recovered. The answer is highly dependent upon several factors, including the operating system, the age of the deletion, device encryption, available backups, and the forensic acquisition methods employed. Modern versions of WhatsApp employ end-to-end encryption, secure […]

Introduction Suspecting that someone has accessed your computer without permission can be concerning, particularly when sensitive personal, financial, or business information may be involved. From a digital forensic perspective, unauthorized access frequently leaves evidence within operating system logs, application databases, file system metadata, and network records. Although users may attempt to conceal their activities by […]