Introduction The widespread adoption of Solid-State Drives (SSDs) has fundamentally changed the landscape of digital forensics and data recovery. Unlike traditional Hard Disk Drives (HDDs), SSDs use flash memory technology and sophisticated storage management mechanisms designed to improve performance, longevity, and efficiency. One of the most significant of these mechanisms is TRIM. The TRIM command […]
Third-Party Device Remote Access: A Detailed Technical Explanation
Introduction Third-party device remote access refers to the ability of an external individual, organization, or software system to access, control, monitor, or manage a computer, smartphone, server, or other digital device over a network connection. Such access may be legitimate and authorized, such as IT support, or unauthorized and malicious, such as cyber intrusions and […]
How to Forensically Examine a Chromebook: Detailed Technical Explanation and Forensic Artefacts
Introduction Chromebooks differ significantly from traditional Windows or macOS computers. Running Google’s ChromeOS, these devices are heavily cloud-oriented, employ verified boot security, and frequently store evidence within user profiles synchronised with Google accounts. From a digital forensic perspective, Chromebook examinations present several challenges: Despite these challenges, Chromebooks contain numerous valuable forensic artefacts that can assist […]
Understanding the Difference Between AFU and BFU Device States in Mobile Phone Forensics
Introduction Modern smartphones contain vast amounts of personal and business information, making them valuable sources of digital evidence in criminal, civil, corporate, and family court investigations. To protect user data, manufacturers such as and employ sophisticated encryption technologies that restrict access to data stored on devices. Within the field of mobile phone forensics, investigators commonly […]
Explanation of Terms Found in Call Data Records (CDRs)
Call Data Records (CDRs) contain numerous technical fields generated by telecommunications networks. Understanding these terms is essential for digital forensic investigators, law enforcement analysts, and intelligence practitioners because each field can provide evidence relating to communication activity, device identification, subscriber attribution, and location analysis. Subscriber Information MSISDN (Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number) The MSISDN […]
